Fostering coffee agroforestry for agrotourism development in degraded land in a buffer zone of a national park: A case study from Poncokusumo, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract

Landscapes of Poncokusumo district (Malang, East Java) to support biodiversity conservation in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park are under threat. Two threats have been identified, namely increase of sand mining in farmland and the rapid changes of sustainable agroforestry system in intensified farms. Coffee-based agroforestry as one of the important land use categories in biodiversity conservation still exists in limited numbers. This study identified some species of woody trees in the agroforestry system, in which it is important to build and restore the agroforestry in Poncokusumo district, especially for coffee-based agroforestry restoration programs. There are opportunities and possibilities to integrate coffee-based agroforestry and tourism-development programs. The area of Poncokusumo has been identified as containing numerous tourist attractions, in which it is important to stimulate tourism development in potential coffee-based agroforestry areas. The coffee-based agrotourism is located in the corridor system of tourism in the western area of the national park. Some fundamental aspects toward the success of the integration of coffee-based agroforestry and tourism should be highlighted, namely assessing the physical character of the area, evaluating tourist attractions and accessibility, promoting integrated spatial planning approach and implementing sustainable agriculture farming.