Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) terhadap Kadar TNF-α Jantung dan Jumlah Nekrosis Kardiomiosit Tikus Model Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic hyperglycaemia causes an increased risk on complication of cardiomyopathy diabetic. Abelmoschus manihot are known to has potential of antidiabetic, but research about the effects of red gedi on complication of cardiomyopathy diabetic has not been studied. This research aims to determine the effects of ethanol extract red gedi leaves on heart TNF-α levels and number of cardiomyocytes necrosis in type 2 diabetic mellitus rats.

Method: This study used 4-6-weeks-old Sprague dawley male rats which grouped into normal group (NG), diabetes mellitus group (DMG), and ethanol extract of red gedi leaves with doses I (200 mg/kgBW), II (400 mg/ kgBW), and III (800 mg/kgBW) (n = 5 rats). The rats were induced by High-Fat-Fructose-Diet (HFFD) and 25 mg/kgBW of Streptozotocin (STZ) injection intraperitoneally. The rats were administrated with ethanol extract of red gedi leaves for 4 weeks per-oral. Heart TNF-α levels were measured using microplate reader λ = 450 nm, while the number necrosis of cardiomyocytes were observed by HE staining using a trinocular microscope at 400x magnification. Data were analyzed with one way ANOVA and continued by LSD test (p <0.05).

Result : Ethanol extract of red gedi leaves dose I, II, and III can decrease heart TNF-α level approximately 50%, 30%, and 40% compared to diabetic group (p<0,05), while the number of cardiomyocyte necrosis decrease approximately 40%, 20%, and 30%(p<0,05). In diabetic group, heart TNF-α level and the number of cardiomyocyte necrosis were increased compared to normal group (p<0,05).

Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red gedi leaves can inhibit the increase of cardiac TNF-α levels dan the number of cardiomyocyte necrosis in diabetic rats with the most effective effect at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW.

Keywords: Red gedi, HFFD, STZ, diabetes, TNF-α, cardiomyocyte necrosis